File: test-runners.md | Updated: 11/18/2025
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Introduction
With a few lines of code, you can hook up Playwright to your favorite Java test runner.
Playwright and Browser instances can be reused between tests for better performance. We recommend running each test case in a new BrowserContext, this way browser state will be isolated between the tests.
JUnit
In JUnit you can initialize Playwright and Browser in @BeforeAll method and destroy them in @AfterAll . In the example below all three test methods use the same Browser . Each test uses its own BrowserContext and Page .
package org.example;import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;public class TestExample { // Shared between all tests in this class. static Playwright playwright; static Browser browser; // New instance for each test method. BrowserContext context; Page page; @BeforeAll static void launchBrowser() { playwright = Playwright.create(); browser = playwright.chromium().launch(); } @AfterAll static void closeBrowser() { playwright.close(); } @BeforeEach void createContextAndPage() { context = browser.newContext(); page = context.newPage(); } @AfterEach void closeContext() { context.close(); } @Test void shouldClickButton() { page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>"); page.locator("button").click(); assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result")); } @Test void shouldCheckTheBox() { page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>"); page.locator("input").check(); assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked")); } @Test void shouldSearchWiki() { page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click(); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter"); assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url()); }}
See experimental JUnit integration to automatically initialize Playwright objects and more.
By default JUnit will run all tests sequentially on a single thread. Since JUnit 5.3 you can change this behavior to run tests in parallel to speed up execution (see this page ). Since it is not safe to use same Playwright objects from multiple threads without extra synchronization we recommend you create Playwright instance per thread and use it on that thread exclusively. Here is an example how to run multiple test classes in parallel.
Use @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
annotation to make JUnit create one instance of a class for all test methods within that class (by default each JUnit will create a new instance of the class for each test method). Store Playwright
and Browser
objects in instance fields. They will be shared between tests. Each instance of the class will use its own copy of Playwright.
// Subclasses will inherit PER_CLASS behavior.@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)class TestFixtures { // Shared between all tests in the class. Playwright playwright; Browser browser; @BeforeAll void launchBrowser() { playwright = Playwright.create(); browser = playwright.chromium().launch(); } @AfterAll void closeBrowser() { playwright.close(); } // New instance for each test method. BrowserContext context; Page page; @BeforeEach void createContextAndPage() { context = browser.newContext(); page = context.newPage(); } @AfterEach void closeContext() { context.close(); }}class Test1 extends TestFixtures { @Test void shouldClickButton() { page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>"); page.locator("button").click(); assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result")); } @Test void shouldCheckTheBox() { page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>"); page.locator("input").check(); assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked")); } @Test void shouldSearchWiki() { page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click(); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter"); assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url()); }}class Test2 extends TestFixtures { @Test void shouldReturnInnerHTML() { page.setContent("<div>hello</div>"); assertEquals("hello", page.innerHTML("css=div")); } @Test void shouldClickButton() { Page popup = page.waitForPopup(() -> { page.evaluate("window.open('about:blank');"); }); assertEquals("about:blank", popup.url()); }}
Configure JUnit to run tests in each class sequentially and run multiple classes on parallel threads (with max number of thread equal to 1/2 of the number of CPU cores):
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = truejunit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default = same_threadjunit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.classes.default = concurrentjunit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=dynamicjunit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.dynamic.factor=0.5
You can use a Gradle build configuration script, written in Groovy or Kotlin.
build.gradle
plugins { application id 'java'}repositories { mavenCentral()}dependencies { implementation 'com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.55.0'}application { mainClass = 'org.example.App'}// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"task playwright(type: JavaExec) { classpath sourceSets.test.runtimeClasspath mainClass = 'com.microsoft.playwright.CLI'}test { useJUnitPlatform()}
build.gradle.kts
plugins { application id("java")}repositories { mavenCentral()}dependencies { implementation("com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.55.0")}application { mainClass.set("org.example.App")}// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"tasks.register<JavaExec>("playwright") { classpath(sourceSets["test"].runtimeClasspath) mainClass.set("com.microsoft.playwright.CLI")}tasks.test { useJUnitPlatform() testLogging { events("passed", "skipped", "failed") }}
Tests can then be launched as follows:
./gradlew run
Also, Playwright command line tools can be run with :
./gradlew playwright --args="help"
TestNG
In TestNG you can initialize Playwright and Browser in @BeforeClass method and destroy them in @AfterClass . In the example below all three test methods use the same Browser . Each test uses its own BrowserContext and Page .
package org.example;import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;import org.testng.annotations.*;import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;public class TestExample { // Shared between all tests in this class. Playwright playwright; Browser browser; // New instance for each test method. BrowserContext context; Page page; @BeforeClass void launchBrowser() { playwright = Playwright.create(); browser = playwright.chromium().launch(); } @AfterClass void closeBrowser() { playwright.close(); } @BeforeMethod void createContextAndPage() { context = browser.newContext(); page = context.newPage(); } @AfterMethod void closeContext() { context.close(); } @Test void shouldClickButton() { page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>"); page.locator("button").click(); assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result")); } @Test void shouldCheckTheBox() { page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>"); page.locator("input").check(); assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked")); } @Test void shouldSearchWiki() { page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click(); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright"); page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter"); assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url()); }}